Currently available GLP-1 receptor agonists in the UK include: Exenatide (short-acting and extended-release formulations) - licensed for type 2 diabetes Liraglutide (once-daily injection) - licensed for type 2 diabetes (Victoza) and separately for weight management (Saxenda 3mg) Dulaglutide (once-weekly injection) - licensed for type 2 diabetes, including cardiovascular risk reduction in those with established cardiovascular disease or multiple risk factors Semaglutide (once-weekly injection and oral formulation) - licensed for type 2 diabetes (Ozempic, Rybelsus) and separately for weight management (Wegovy 2.4mg) A related but distinct medication is tirzepatide (once-weekly injection), which is a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist licensed for type 2 diabetes management

When using dilute acetic acid (0.1% v/v) as a solvent, it can improve initial solubilization of certain peptide batches, but the solution pH should be adjusted to near-physiological range before administration to avoid tissue irritation at the injection site in animal models
A large number of clinical studies have shown that this loss of appetite caused by treatment with semaglutide or tirzepatide is associated with a significant decrease in body weight in people who suffer from obesity
This study further demonstrated that exendin-4 treatment additionally reduced the presence of key inflammatory molecules, including TNF-alpha, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6, in mice livers [46], providing evidence for potential GLP-1 treatment for inflammation related to steatohepatitis
This method is thought to enhance the peptide's ability to stimulate repair and regeneration at a deeper level